Addition material for ferrous metals



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li ttltl'lh D. MERICJQL, Uh NEW "TOM/1E1, IN. ll, AND rnorlras H. WICKENEDIEN, till? lsttllillfilhlhlfl,

lll'lE'W dEES "ll", ASfilGNOR$ .lftll THE INTIEJRJWATIUNAL NICKEL Cfllllll l'illll'lt", Ult" 'Zlt'UlEtlElI, lil. "21, all CORPORATION 015 NEW JERSEY.

'lt'o lllrawing.

U ur invention relates to the adding oil nickel and other alloying elements to cast irons. or steels, and is designed especially to overcome the ditticulty arising from the high melting point of such additions, particularly compared to cast iron and other ferrous metals.

- Nickel and other alloying elements are added to cast iron tor the purpose. of improving its properties in a number of directions, for example, to secure increase of l ardness, strength or toughness, improve ment of machinability, refinement of grain, etc,

The element nickel atlects all of these properties favorably, but for many applications it is found that combinations of nickel with other alloying elements, such as chros mium, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphorus and silicon are superior from the standpoint of properties produced in the resulting iron. 'llhus, a combination of nickel and sulphur added to iron will provide an iron with a greater percentage of combined carbon and consequently a harder structure, more resistant to wear although with perhaps diminished machinabilit-y. Uri the other hand, through the addition of a minture ol nickel, silicon and tungsten, an iron H can be produced with maximum. hardness together with very satisfactory machinability.

l-llowever, as "lully set forth in our copending application, berial l lo. 698,284l, tiled March 10, 19%, when ordinary nickel is added to the molten cast iron in the ladle, due to the higher melting point oi the nickel as compared with that ot the cast iron, has been dilticult to prevent segregation on ac count of incomplete melting of the nickel, and also in some cases there has been a tendency to produce blow holes. lln said copending application we disclose a method olf' overcoming these dilliculties, which consists in uniting with the nickel previous toits addition to the ferrous metal a substance or substances, preferably carbon and silicon, which will lower the melting point of the nickel and which will have no deleterious action upon the ferrous metal to which the ckel is added. Preferably from to $3.5 cent cl? carbon and item l. to "l per cent Application tiled .tlpril 28, 1925. serial No; sonar.

of silicon are added to the nickel addition tor this purpose, although entirely satisitao tory results-have been obtained using carbon Within the range from about .l% to about 3% and silicon from about 1% to about l5%. Many of the above'mentioned alloying elements besides nickel are not suitable tor direct addition to cast iron, however, by reason of their high melting point or of their ready disposition to oxidation by reason of which losses occur. For example, it is dilticult to introduce chromium in its various commercial combinations into iron without incurring rather heavy losses. Molybdenum and tungsten in their usual combinations 11. yo a rather high melting point and are not readily absorbed in iron.

ll these other alloying elements are combined with the carbon-silicon-nickel combination disclosed in our copending application referred to, they will be readily absorbed by the molten iron along with the nickel. lit the alloying elements are added to the carbon, silicon and nickel within the ranges of percentages given in the following table, the [resultant combination will have a lower melting point than that of the individual constituents or present commercial. combinations and in many cases'even lower than the carbon-silicon-nickcl combination disclosed in our co-pending application.

N icket Silicon Carbon Balance 110% .252.5%.

.1 5% aluminum. LOO-550% chromium. LOO-50% manganese. LOO-% copper. 1.00-% tungsten.

u u u u u u u u i u for different commercial cur oses "will var considerably since the qualities desired in cast iron tor these ditt'erent applications also vary. Thus, for one purpose a sort iron n1achinable in thin sections is required while in another case an iron which is machinable but hard may be required. ln the above table we have given the range ct percentages tlll T.MIDGLEY BEVELING AND SEALING CLAMP Filed July 24, 1925 

